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Bash Builtins

List of bash shell builtins
Command	Description
`(( ... ))`	Evaluate arithmetic expression
`.`	Execute commands from a file in the current shell
`:`	Null command
`[`	Evaluate conditional expression
`[[ ... ]]`	Execute conditional command
`alias`	Define or display aliases
`bg`	Move jobs to the background
`bind`	Set Readline key bindings and variables
`break`	Exit for, while, or until loops
`builtin`	Execute shell builtins
`caller`	Return the context of the current subroutine call
`case`	Execute commands based on pattern matching
`cd`	Change the shell working directory
`command`	Execute a simple command or display information about commands
`compgen`	Display possible completions depending on the options
`complete`	Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline
`compopt`	Modify or display completion options
`continue`	Resume for, while, or until loops
`coproc`	Create a coprocess named NAME
`declare`	Set variable values and attributes
`dirs`	Display directory stack
`disown`	Remove jobs from current shell
`echo`	Write arguments to the standard output
`enable`	Enable and disable shell builtins
`eval`	Execute arguments as a shell command
`exec`	Replace the shell with the given command
`exit`	Exit the shell
`export`	Set export attribute for shell variables
`false`	Return an unsuccessful result
`fc`	Display or execute commands from the history list
`fg`	Move job to the foreground
`for`	Execute commands for each member in a list
`function`	Define shell function
`getopts`	Parse option arguments
`hash`	Remember or display program locations
`help`	Display information about builtin commands
`history`	Display or manipulate the history list
`if`	Execute commands based on conditional
`jobs`	Display status of jobs
`kill`	Send a signal to a job
`let`	Evaluate arithmetic expressions
`local`	Define local variables
`logout`	Exit a login shell
`mapfile`	Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable
`popd`	Remove directories from stack
`printf`	Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT
`pushd`	Add directories to stack
`pwd`	Print the name of the current working directory
`read`	Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields
`readarray`	Read lines from a file into an array variable
`readonly`	Mark shell variables as unchangeable
`return`	Return from a shell function
`select`	Select words from a list and execute commands
`set`	Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters
`shift`	Shift positional parameters
`shopt`	Set and unset shell options
`source`	Execute commands from a file in the current shell
`suspend`	Suspend shell execution
`test`	Evaluate conditional expression
`time`	Report time consumed by pipeline's execution
`times`	Display process times
`trap`	Trap signals and other events
`true`	Return a successful result
`type`	Display information about command type
`typeset`	Set variable values and attributes
`ulimit`	Modify shell resource limits
`umask`	Display or set file mode mask
`unalias`	Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases
`unset`	Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions
`until`	Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed
`variables`	Common shell variable names and usage
`wait`	Wait for job completion and return exit status
`while`	Execute commands as long as a test succeeds
`{ ... }`	Group commands as a unit

Coreutils - File Utilities

List of coreutils file utilities
Command	Description
`chcon`	Changes file security context (SELinux)
`chgrp`	Changes file group ownership
`chown`	Changes file ownership
`chmod`	Changes the permissions of a file or directory
`cp`	Copies a file or directory
`dd`	Copies and converts a file
`df`	Shows disk free space on file systems
`dir`	Is exactly like "ls -C -b". (Files are by default listed in columns and sorted vertically.)
`dircolors`	Set up color for ls
`install`	Copies files and set attributes
`ln`	Creates a link to a file
`ls`	Lists the files in a directory
`mkdir`	Creates a directory
`mkfifo`	Makes named pipes (FIFOs)
`mknod`	Makes block or character special files
`mktemp`	Creates a temporary file or directory
`mv`	Moves files or rename files
`realpath`	Returns the resolved absolute or relative path for a file
`rm`	Removes (deletes) files, directories, device nodes and symbolic links
`rmdir`	Removes empty directories
`shred`	Overwrites a file to hide its contents, and optionally deletes it
`sync`	Flushes file system buffers
`touch`	Changes file timestamps
`truncate`	Shrink or extend the size of a file to the specified size
`vdir`	Is exactly like "ls -l -b". (Files are by default listed in long format.)

Coreutils - Text Utilities

List of coreutils text utilities
Command	Description
`b2sum`	Computes and checks BLAKE2b message digest
`base32`	Encodes or decodes Base32, and prints result to standard output
`base64`	Encodes or decodes Base64, and prints result to standard output
`cat`	Concatenates and prints files on the standard output
`cksum`	Checksums and count the bytes in a file
`comm`	Compares two sorted files line by line
`csplit`	Splits a file into sections determined by context lines
`cut`	Removes sections from each line of files
`expand`	Converts tabs to spaces
`fmt`	Simple optimal text formatter
`fold`	Wraps each input line to fit in specified width
`head`	Outputs the first part of files
`join`	Joins lines of two files on a common field
`md5sum`	Computes and checks MD5 message digest
`nl`	Numbers lines of files
`numfmt`	Reformat numbers
`od`	Dumps files in octal and other formats
`paste`	Merges lines of files
`ptx`	Produces a permuted index of file contents
`pr`	Converts text files for printing
`sha512sum`	Computes and checks SHA-1/SHA-2 message digests
`shuf`	generate random permutations
`sort`	sort lines of text files
`split`	Splits a file into pieces
`sum`	Checksums and counts the blocks in a file
`tac`	Concatenates and prints files in reverse order line by line
`tail`	Outputs the last part of files
`tr`	Translates or deletes characters
`tsort`	Performs a topological sort
`unexpand`	Converts spaces to tabs
`uniq`	Removes duplicate lines from a sorted file
`wc`	Prints the number of bytes, words, and lines in files

Coreutils - Shell Utilities

List of coreutils shell utilities
Command	Description
`arch`	Prints machine hardware name (same as uname -m)
`basename`	Removes the path prefix from a given pathname
`chroot`	Changes the root directory
`date`	Prints or sets the system date and time
`dirname`	Strips non-directory suffix from file name
`du`	Shows disk usage on file systems
`echo`	Displays a specified line of text
`env`	Displays and modifies environment variables
`expr`	Evaluates expressions
`factor`	Factors numbers
`false`	Does nothing, but exits unsuccessfully
`groups`	Prints the groups of which the user is a member
`hostid`	Prints the numeric identifier for the current host
`id`	Prints real or effective UID and GID
`link`	Creates a link to a file
`logname`	Print the user's login name
`nice`	Modifies scheduling priority
`nohup`	Allows a command to continue running after logging out
`nproc`	Queries the number of (active) processors
`pathchk`	Checks whether file names are valid or portable
`pinky`	A lightweight version of finger
`printenv`	Prints environment variables
`printf`	Formats and prints data
`pwd`	Prints the current working directory
`readlink`	Displays value of a symbolic link
`runcon`	Run command with specified security context
`seq`	Prints a sequence of numbers
`sleep`	Delays for a specified amount of time
`stat`	Returns data about an inode
`stdbuf`	Controls buffering for commands that use stdio
`stty`	Changes and prints terminal line settings
`tee`	Sends output to multiple files
`test`	Evaluates an expression
`timeout`	Run a command with a time limit
`true`	Does nothing, but exits successfully
`tty`	Prints terminal name
`uname`	Prints system information
`unlink`	Removes the specified file using the unlink function
`uptime`	Tells how long the system has been running
`users`	Prints the user names of users currently logged into the current host
`who`	Prints a list of all users currently logged in
`whoami`	Prints the effective userid
`yes`	Prints a string repeatedly

Other Commands

List of other common commands
Command	Description
`ascii`	ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
`aspell`	Interactive spell checker
`awk`	Pattern scanning and processing language
`bash`	GNU Bourne-Again SHell
`bc`	An arbitrary precision calculator language
`cal`	Display a calendar
`curl`	Transfer a URL
`file`	Determine file type
`find`	Search for files in a directory hierarchy
`gedit`	Text editor for the GNOME Desktop
`grep`	Print lines matching a pattern
`gunzip`	Compress or expand files
`gzip`	Compress or expand files
`less`	Opposite of more
`locate`	Find files by name
`look`	Display lines beginning with a given string
`lpr`	Print files
`man`	Interface to the system reference manuals
`mc`	Visual shell for Unix-like systems.
`mcedit`	Internal file editor of GNU Midnight Commander.
`more`	File perusal filter for crt viewing
`mount`	Mount a filesystem
`nano`	Nano's ANOther editor, inspired by Pico
`ps`	Report a snapshot of the current processes.
`scp`	OpenSSH secure file copy
`sed`	Stream editor for filtering and transforming text
`sftp`	OpenSSH secure file transfer
`ssh`	OpenSSH remote login client
`sqlite3`	Command line interface for SQLite version 3
`su`	Run a command with substitute user and group ID
`sudo`	Execute a command as another user
`tar`	An archiving utility
`tmux`	Terminal multiplexer
`top`	Display Linux processes
`tput`	Initialize a terminal or query terminfo database
`uptime`	Tell how long the system has been running.
`vim`	Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor
`wget`	Non-interactive network downloader.
`which`	Shows the full path of (shell) commands
`zcat`	Compress or expand files
`zless`	File perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text

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