DU(1)                         User Commands                         DU(1)

NAME
       du - estimate file space usage

SYNOPSIS
       du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
       du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F

DESCRIPTION
       Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directo‐
       ries.

       Mandatory arguments  to  long  options  are  mandatory  for  short
       options too.

       -0, --null
              end each output line with NUL, not newline

       -a, --all
              write counts for all files, not just directories

       --apparent-size
              print  apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although the
              apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger  due  to
              holes in ('sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect
              blocks, and the like

       -B, --block-size=SIZE
              scale sizes by  SIZE  before  printing  them;  e.g.,  '-BM'
              prints  sizes  in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format
              below

       -b, --bytes
              equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'

       -c, --total
              produce a grand total

       -D, --dereference-args
              dereference only symlinks that are listed  on  the  command
              line

       -d, --max-depth=N
              print  the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only
              if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument;
              --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize

       --files0-from=F
              summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file names spec‐
              ified in file F; if F is -, then read names  from  standard
              input

       -H     equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)

       -h, --human-readable
              print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

       --inodes
              list inode usage information instead of block usage

       -k     like --block-size=1K

       -L, --dereference
              dereference all symbolic links

       -l, --count-links
              count sizes many times if hard linked

       -m     like --block-size=1M

       -P, --no-dereference
              don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)

       -S, --separate-dirs
              for directories do not include size of subdirectories

       --si   like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -s, --summarize
              display only a total for each argument

       -t, --threshold=SIZE
              exclude  entries  smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries
              greater than SIZE if negative

       --time show time of the last  modification  of  any  file  in  the
              directory, or any of its subdirectories

       --time=WORD
              show  time  as  WORD  instead  of modification time: atime,
              access, use, ctime or status

       --time-style=STYLE
              show times using STYLE, which can be:  full-iso,  long-iso,
              iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'

       -X, --exclude-from=FILE
              exclude files that match any pattern in FILE

       --exclude=PATTERN
              exclude files that match PATTERN

       -x, --one-file-system
              skip directories on different file systems

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       Display  values  are  in  units  of  the first available SIZE from
       --block-size, and  the  DU_BLOCK_SIZE,  BLOCK_SIZE  and  BLOCKSIZE
       environment variables.  Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or
       512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).

       The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is
       10*1024).  Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,...
       (powers of 1000).  Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M,
       and so on.

PATTERNS
       PATTERN  is  a shell pattern (not a regular expression).  The pat‐
       tern ? matches any one character, whereas  *  matches  any  string
       (composed  of zero, one or multiple characters).  For example, *.o
       will match any files whose names end in .o.  Therefore,  the  com‐
       mand

              du --exclude='*.o'

       will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the
       file .o itself).

AUTHOR
       Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie,  Paul  Eggert,  and
       Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
       GNU  coreutils  online  help:  <https://www.gnu.org/software/core‐
       utils/>
       Report   any   translation   bugs   to    <https://translationpro‐
       ject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright  ©  2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+:
       GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'

GNU coreutils 8.32              April 2020                          DU(1)